MILITARY BUILDUPS AND BORDER DISPUTES: THE SECURITY DILEMMA IN SOUTH ASIA

Abstract

This article examines the security dilemma in South Asia, focusing on the military buildups and border disputes involving India, Pakistan, and China. It analyzes how the accumulation of military assets and pursuit of strategic depth by these nations escalate regional tensions and fuel an arms race. The study explores historical and ongoing border conflicts, particularly in Kashmir, Arunachal Pradesh, and the Line of Control (LoC), while discussing the security dilemma—where defensive measures by one state are perceived as threats by others, leading to a cycle of arms accumulation. The paper also reviews the impact of external factors like alliances, arms imports, and international diplomacy, including confidence-building measures and bilateral dialogues. It highlights the socio-economic consequences of military spending, such as the diversion of resources from development and humanitarian impacts on affected populations. In conclusion, the article calls for a comprehensive security framework in South Asia that addresses political issues and suggests paths for conflict resolution and stability.

Keywords: South Asia, military buildup, border disputes, security dilemma, India, Pakistan, China, arms race, international diplomacy, regional stability