The Silent Divide: Digital Inequality and its Impact on Academic Performance in Hybrid Learning Environments

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of digital inequality on academic achievement of the students of universities in hybrid learning model in District Dera Ghazi Khan in the context of Pakistan. The study employed a quantitative cross-sectional type of study design and obtained data from 300 student of the university by using structured questionnaire. Digital access, availability of internet, digital literacy, self-efficacy, institutional support and academic performance were assessed. The results indicated that digital inequality was significantly related to students' academic performance. Four factors were found to impact learning performance, such as digital literacy, digital self-efficacy, internet access and institutional support. It emphasizes the necessity of improving the digital infrastructure, skill development programmes and support systems to make hybrid learning opportunities inclusive.

Keywords: Digital inequality; Hybrid learning; Digital literacy; Academic performance; Digital divide.