Operation Azm-e-Istehkam in North Waziristan: A Promise of Stability or a Perpetuate Struggle

Abstract

Operation Azm-e-Istehkam represents a pivotal counterterrorism and stabilization initiative in North Waziristan, aimed at dismantling militant infrastructure while fostering sustainable peace. Beyond its security objectives, the operation seeks to address deep-rooted socio-economic disparities, weak governance, and mistrust between the state and local communities. It integrates military measures with participatory approaches, engaging tribal leaders, youth, and civil society in decision-making to promote local ownership and strengthen social cohesion. Opportunities lie in leveraging this engagement to enhance development, improve service delivery, and integrate the region into national economic frameworks, including projects linked to CPEC. However, the operation faces significant challenges: balancing security enforcement with respect for local autonomy, overcoming historical marginalization, and ensuring long-term political and institutional commitment. This article critically examines Azm-e-Istehkam’s strategic framework, its potential to transform conflict dynamics, and the obstacles that could hinder its success in achieving durable peace and development in North Waziristan.

Keywords: Operation Azm-e-Istehkam, North Waziristan, Counterterrorism, Peacebuilding, Community Engagement, Governance, Development Challenges