Women's Political Representation in KP's Local Bodies: Progress, Barriers, and Prospects

Abstract

This paper examines the state of women's political representation in the local governance structures of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. While constitutional mandates and quota systems have increased the numerical presence of women in local bodies, substantive participation remains constrained by structural, sociocultural, and institutional barriers. The study explores historical trends in women's electoral participation, evaluates the legal and institutional framework supporting their inclusion, and investigates the lived experiences of elected female representatives across diverse districts such as Swat, Dir, Peshawar, and the merged tribal areas. Drawing on electoral data, civil society reports, and qualitative field evidence, the analysis highlights the persistent influence of patriarchal norms, tokenism, and limited political empowerment, especially in rural and conservative regions. Additionally, the article delves into the motivations and pathways through which women enter politics, the support mechanisms provided by political parties and NGOs, and the critical gaps in capacity-building, budget access, and decision- making roles. In response to these challenges, the paper offers policy recommendations centered on legal reforms, civic education, digital inclusion, and long-term leadership development. It argues that fostering feminist leadership pipelines and ensuring meaningful participation of women in local governance are essential not only for democratic equity but also for improving governance outcomes. The article concludes that without systemic and sustained interventions, women's representation in KP's local bodies risks remaining symbolic, rather than transformative.

Keywords: Women’s Political Participation, Local Governance, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Gender Quotas, Patriarchy, Electoral Reforms, Civic Empowerment, Pakistan