Studying Socio-Cultural Factors and Linguistical Changes Behind the Growth and Progress of Urdu Linguistics: From Its Genesis unto the Era of Ghalib

Abstract

The evolution of language is a long process, which goes through various stages influenced by social, cultural, civilizational, historical and linguistic changes. The Urdu language also went through these stages and attained the status of a scientific method of understanding “linguistics”. Urdu linguistics also reached the stages of evolution, saturated with cultural and social colors. By drinking the juice of different civilizations, times, languages ​​and dialects, it began to establish its own identity, due to which its linguistic and literary colors improved over time. Our literary creators nurtured this process and enriched the language. From Amir Khusro to Nawadar-ul-Alfaaz, Darya-e-Latafat, Khatam-e-Naskh, there is a long list of great classical poets and prose writers that reaches Ghalib, whose role in this evolution of the Urdu language is very important. They gave a new direction to the language in their poetry and prose and added spiritual and linguistic experiments to it, which further strengthened the structure of Urdu and increased its creative abilities. Ghalib and other literary creators like him created innovation and uniqueness in the use of words in their poetry and prose, and made new linguistic experiments to further improve the structure of the Urdu language. And by giving a new shape to this evolution with their linguistic consciousness, they gave the Urdu language an important place not only in the literary world but also in society and human psychology. In addition, the role of the Scientific Society of Fort William College, Aligarh Movement has also been very important in them. Urdu linguistics has made unprecedented progress through various genres of poetry, experiments in language and rhetoric, various linguistic and literary traditions such as allegory, etc. The creators of poetry and prose, through all the intellectual and artistic manifestations of linguistics (phonetics, vocabulary, meanings), rhetoric and orthography, not only enriched this language in terms of literature and language, but also gave it breadth and charm, through which Urdu has achieved the most important place in the world culture. This entire journey was indebted to civilization and society, and all poets and prose writers, through cultural and social expression, not only established themselves by aligning Urdu linguistics with various dimensions, but also established Urdu among the developed languages ​​of the world. In this article, an attempt has been made to critically examine the social, civilizational journey and tradition of Urdu linguistics from its beginnings to the Ghalib era, so that it can be known that no language can be separated from its civilization, culture, civilization and society, and the linguistic evolution of the Urdu language is not only associated with literary and linguistic capital, but it is also connected to the cultural background.

Keywords: Evolution, Language. Social, Cultural, Civilizational, Historical, Linguistic Changes