Hegemonic Transition: How China and Russia are Changing Global Governance

Abstract

The study examines the evolution of the US led "rule-based" international order and its challenges posed by the emerging Sino-Russian alliance and the implications of a potential shift toward possible new world order characterized by state sovereignty, non-interference, and pragmatic cooperation through historical and contemporary case studies where it examines the strengths and criticisms of the US led order and the broader global implications for governance, authoritarianism, and international law. Historically framed as a system promoting democracy, human rights, and multilateralism, the current order reveals selective rule enforcement and inconsistent application of international norms, questioning its legitimacy. The Sino-Russian order emphasizes realpolitik and stability over ideological commitments, seeking to establish a multipolar world through initiatives like China's Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) or Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). This research elucidates the distinctive feature of the Sino-Russian partnership and the challenges it presents to the entrenched US-led order and its allies. The evolving dynamics of Sino-Russian influence could redefine international norms, fostering an environment that prioritizes state sovereignty at the expense of individual rights, particularly affecting nations caught between US and Sino-Russian interests. Understanding these shifts is crucial for comprehending the future of international relations. The study will provide insights into how the Sino-Russian approach challenges global stability, regional alliances, and democratic values, while also examining the responses of US aligned nations to these developments, thereby offering a comprehensive analysis of the evolving geopolitical landscape.

Keywords: Hegemonic Transition, China, Russia, Global Governance