ISLAM AND THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Abstract

The relationship between Islamic teachings and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) has been a subject of scholarly debate, focusing on the compatibility, contrasts, and potential for integration of these two systems of human rights. This comparative study examines the fundamental principles of Islam regarding human rights as outlined in the Quran and Sunnah, and compares them with the provisions set forth in the UDHR, adopted by the United Nations in 1948. Islamic teachings on human rights, which are deeply rooted in the Quran, Hadith, and the practices of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), emphasize the sanctity of human dignity, equality, and justice. Key areas of human rights in Islam include the right to life, freedom of religion, economic rights, the protection of women and minorities, and the establishment of social justice. The Islamic notion of human rights is comprehensive and holistic, stressing moral responsibility, societal welfare, and the collective obligation of individuals and the state to ensure these rights. The UDHR, while not based on a particular religious framework, promotes similar values such as equality, non-discrimination, and freedom of expression, among others. This study critically explores the parallels between the Islamic concept of human rights and the UDHR, identifying areas of convergence as well as divergence. For instance, while both frameworks advocate for equality and dignity, differences may arise in areas such as the right to freedom of belief, gender roles, and the role of religion in public life. By highlighting these comparisons, the study aims to promote a deeper understanding of how Islamic principles can complement and coexist with international human rights standards, offering a pathway for dialogue and integration between Islamic jurisprudence and global human rights frameworks.

Keywords: Islam, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Human Rights, Comparative Study, Quran, Sunnah, Equality, Justice, Religious Freedom, Social Justice