HONOR KILLINGS IN PAKISTAN: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF CULTURAL NORMS AND LEGAL LOOPHOLES

Abstract

Honor killings in Pakistan represent a grave violation of human rights, deeply rooted in patriarchal norms, cultural traditions, and systemic gender inequality. This study critically examines the cultural and legal dimensions of honor killings, highlighting the inadequacies of Pakistan's legal framework in addressing this pervasive issue. Despite legislative reforms such as the Anti-Honor Killing Laws of 2016, loopholes allowing perpetrators to be pardoned by the victim's family undermine justice. Cultural norms that equate family honor with women's behavior perpetuate this violence, while patriarchal structures reinforce male dominance and control over women's lives. The study also explores the role of media representation, which often sensationalizes these crimes without addressing systemic issues, and the efforts of NGOs and civil society in advocating for victims and pushing for legal reforms. However, their impact is limited by societal resistance and inadequate government support. The findings reveal that effective policy implementation requires a multi-faceted approach, including grassroots education, community engagement, and stricter enforcement of laws. Addressing honor killings also demands a cultural shift to challenge the deeply ingrained notions of honor and shame that justify such violence. This study concludes that while Pakistan has made progress in recognizing the severity of honor killings, a holistic approach combining legal reform, education, economic empowerment, and cultural change is essential to protect women's rights and ensure justice for victims.

Keywords: Honor Killings, Pakistan, Patriarchy, Gender Inequality, Legal Loopholes, Cultural Norms, Human Rights, Anti-Honor Killing Laws, Media Representation, NGOs