THE ROLE OF URDU LITERATURE IN SHAPING NATIONAL IDENTITY IN SOUTH ASIA

Abstract

Urdu literature has played a pivotal role in shaping national identity in South Asia, particularly in the historical and socio-political contexts of the 19th and 20th centuries. This study explores how Urdu literary works have influenced national consciousness, cultural identity, and socio-political movements in the region. Through poetry and prose, Urdu writers have articulated themes of nationalism, resistance, identity, and historical transformation, contributing significantly to the discourse on belonging and collective memory. The paper examines the historical development of Urdu literature, from its Persianate roots to its role in the colonial and postcolonial periods. It highlights the contributions of key literary figures such as Ghalib, Iqbal, and Faiz Ahmed Faiz, who used poetry as a medium for political and ideological expression. Additionally, the study explores how Urdu literature fostered a sense of unity among diverse linguistic and cultural communities, reinforcing the idea of a shared national identity. By analyzing key themes such as nationalism, religious identity, social justice, and cultural integration, this research underscores the impact of Urdu literature in shaping narratives of national identity. It also discusses the role of literary movements, such as the Progressive Writers' Movement, in advocating for social reform and political change. Ultimately, this study argues that Urdu literature remains a crucial medium for exploring and contesting ideas of identity and nationhood in South Asia. As new socio-political realities emerge, Urdu literary traditions continue to adapt, reflecting evolving perspectives on identity, resistance, and cultural heritage.

Keywords: Urdu Literature, National Identity, South Asia, Colonialism, Post Colonialism, Nationalism, Progressive Writers’ Movement, Urdu Poetry, Cultural Heritage, Identity Politics